![]() Playing such games, kids will acquire an intimate feeling for the organisms that they are growing. ![]() The final step in the domestication of biotechnology will be biotech games, designed like computer games for children down to kindergarten age but played with real eggs and seeds rather than with images on a screen. Designing genomes will be a personal thing, a new art form as creative as painting or sculpture.įew of the new creations will be masterpieces, but a great many will bring joy to their creators and variety to our fauna and flora. New lineages will proliferate to replace those that monoculture farming and deforestation have destroyed. Breeders of dogs and cats will have their kits too.ĭomesticated biotechnology, once it gets into the hands of housewives and children, will give us an explosion of diversity of new living creatures, rather than the monoculture crops that the big corporations prefer. Also kits for lovers of pigeons and parrots and lizards and snakes to breed new varieties of pets. There will be do-it-yourself kits for gardeners who will use genetic engineering to breed new varieties of roses and orchids. Now imagine what will happen when the tools of genetic engineering become accessible to these people. There are thousands of people, amateurs and professionals, who devote their lives to this business. ![]() The main problem for a grandparent visiting the reptile show with a grandchild is to get the grandchild out of the building without actually buying a snake.Įvery orchid or rose or lizard or snake is the work of a dedicated and skilled breeder. Philadelphia excels in orchids and roses, San Diego excels in lizards and snakes. I have also visited the Reptile Show in San Diego, an equally impressive show displaying the work of another set of breeders. I recently spent a happy day at the Philadelphia Flower Show, the biggest indoor flower show in the world, where flower breeders from all over the world show off the results of their efforts. For biotechnology to become domesticated, the next step is to become user-friendly. The first step in this direction was already taken recently, when genetically modified tropical fish with new and brilliant colors appeared in pet stores. ![]() I see a bright future for the biotechnology industry when it follows the path of the computer industry, the path that von Neumann failed to foresee, becoming small and domesticated rather than big and centralized. It is likely that genetic engineering will remain unpopular and controversial so long as it remains a centralized activity in the hands of large corporations. The public distrusts Monsanto because Monsanto likes to put genes for poisonous pesticides into food crops, just as we distrusted von Neumann because he liked to use his computer for designing hydrogen bombs secretly at midnight. I see a close analogy between John von Neumann’s blinkered vision of computers as large centralized facilities and the public perception of genetic engineering today as an activity of large pharmaceutical and agribusiness corporations such as Monsanto. I predict that the domestication of biotechnology will dominate our lives during the next fifty years at least as much as the domestication of computers has dominated our lives during the previous fifty years. Here I am bold enough to make a definite prediction. Will the domestication of high technology, which we have seen marching from triumph to triumph with the advent of personal computers and GPS receivers and digital cameras, soon be extended from physical technology to biotechnology? I believe that the answer to this question is yes. These facts raise an interesting question. Biology is also more important than physics, as measured by its economic consequences, by its ethical implications, or by its effects on human welfare. Biology is now bigger than physics, as measured by the size of budgets, by the size of the workforce, or by the output of major discoveries and biology is likely to remain the biggest part of science through the twenty-first century. Two facts about the coming century are agreed on by almost everyone. It has become part of the accepted wisdom to say that the twentieth century was the century of physics and the twenty-first century will be the century of biology.
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